Neuromodulation therapies generally deal with the provision of pain management, treatment of movement disorders, seizure control by the utilization of brain-controlled devices to individuals with compromised movement. Recent advancement in optogenetics has led to the development of techniques to explore the neural circuitry & biomarkers to track the progression of disease in neurodegenerative disorders. Further advancements contributing to neuromodulation therapies include engineering of nanotechnology, advances in genetics, exome sequencing and novel imaging techniques to detect connectivity deficits in motor and sensory networks that have been associated with neurological disorders. The following six neuromodulation therapies will be discussed in detail herein reference to neurologist awareness, candidate selection, and barriers to treatment. This article highlights the appropriate selection of neuromodulation therapy in the management of chronic pain and neurodegenerative orders that can lead to short-term and longterm clinical benefits.